How to Make a Backyard Pond

Building a pond water feature that’s aesthetically beautiful and functional takes proper design and installation. There is a lot to a pond water feature, and it’s a topic I could delve into the small details on for hours. But for the purpose of this blog, we’ll focus on the big elements. Before I continue, I’d like to mention a great resource for those with water features and for those looking to add one in the future. The Minnesota Water Garden Society, MWGS, is a club of water feature enthusiasts that meet monthly with amazing professional speakers. I’d encourage everyone to check them out (www.mwgs.org).

Water Feature Design and Placement

Ok, here we go. The first is to decide on the type of water feature and where to place it. Options of water features include fountains and statuary, pondless water features, ponds, and rec ponds. There really is no right or wrong, simply what you like and how you envision it is complementing your yard. For this blog, we’ll go with selecting a pond water feature. The next step is where to place it. I like to encourage the homeowner to give thought on sight lines from house windows, decks, patios and so forth. This increases the enjoyment of the pond even when you’re not right next to it.

Great. The style of the water feature pond and location has been selected. Now to determine the size. I’ve had great success with using a garden hose as way to layout the pond. This works well because the shape of the pond and size can be easily changed and it provides fantastic visuals. Take this for what it’s worth: I’ve never had a client regret making the pond too big, but plenty wish it was bigger years later. So, I tend to encourage homeowners to go big.

Mark The Utility Lines

STOP. Before going any further call someone to mark your utility lines. In Minnesota, Gopher State One Call is my recommended option. This is a free service that will come out and mark all the utilities in the project area. Do this approximately 1 week prior to digging. Never skip this step. It may save your life.

Dig The Pond

It's time to start digging! Depending on the size of the pond, the soil and if you have a strong back and a lot of motivation you can certainly hand dig the pond. It’s amazing what a shovel, wheelbarrow and floodlights can accomplish. In fact, that’s what I did on my personal pond when I built it 11 years ago. Now, I was motivated, in great shape, dealing with sand and quite frugal. But when we build a client’s pond, we typically use an excavator.

A couple notes on the excavation. If fish are desired, we recommend making the depth of pond approximately 3.5’, this will help keep the temps cooler and help winter over the fish. Then, we carve ledges to go into the pond. This allows for easy access in and out of the pond. Ledges also make rocking the pond easier and provide great areas for future plantings. A typical ledge is approximately two feet high and two feet wide. The soil excavated in the pond is repurposed for the headwaters, ideally none of the removed soil is hauled away.

Construct Pond Structure

A hill/berm is built up at the headwaters where the waterfalls and stream(s) will be located. We then construct a Natural Filtration System or Up Flow Bog as the main source of filtration. A Natural Filtration System uses space fillers, called Rescubes or Aquablocks, rocks of different sizes and annual aquatic plants to filter the water. The roots from plants use nitrogen in the water to grow, creating a functional ecosystem. To learn more about Natural Filtration Systems, check out this YouTube video.

Streams are carved giving a great deal of thought on future rock placement. We typically select and measure boulders, then we dig “rock pockets” for them to be placed a bit. The next step is to place underlayment in the pond, stream and Natural Filtration System. Underlayment is a thick felt that protects the liner from anything sharp in the soil. The industry standard is 45 mil EPDM rubber liner, and no other liner should ever be used. Depending on the size of the pond you may need an additional helper or two to help you install the liner, this is due to its heavy weight. A couple of suggestions on laying the liner. Have at least one foot liner along the sides of the pond, stream and Natural Filtration System. Excessive liner can be cut once the installation, including rocking, is completed. If more than one piece of liner is needed make sure to overlap the liner at a drop, like a shingle on a roof. The overlapping will ensure no leak will take place and there won’t be a need to seam the liners together.

A skimmer box and hose are then installed. A skimmer box should be placed opposite the waterfall along the side of the pond. This placement will maximize the skimming function of the skimmer and prevent dead, non-circulated, areas in the pond. The size of the pump is determined by the volume of water in the pond. A good rule of thumb is to turn the water in the pond over once every hour, so if the pond holds 6,000 gallons your pump should be 6,000 gph. If the pump is 6,000 gph or less, you can use 2” flex pvc hose. However, if the gph exceeds 6,000 the hose size will need to be 3” in diameter. Id’s say 95% of the water features we build, and service use 2” diameter hose.

Place Rocks

Now the fun really begins! Time to start rocking. A bit of a geology lesson: 10,000 years ago, the last Ice Age was ending. As the glaciers retreated, glaciers scooped up the rocks and boulders and redistributed them all over where Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan are now. Therefore, the Midwest has an abundance of relatively beautiful and cheap glacier fieldstone. These rocks and boulders come in variety of sizes, shapes and colors and are often a great choice for a Minnesota pond water feature. There are plenty of other rock options, so it’s always a great idea to visit your local rock yard to select what you like. They may even allow you to mark specific “special” boulders you like to be part of the rock delivery as well.

A couple of notes on rocking your water feature. Think of rocking your water feature as completing a puzzle. Fit the rocks together and give a lot of thought to mimic rocks in nature. Use smaller rocks in the gaps of the boulders to lock them in place. If the boulders are too large to be placed by hand, they will need to be safely brought in with a tow strap and an excavator. There are great videos on YouTube that show this process; however, if the boulders are too big to be brought in by hand, I’d suggest hiring a professional. If the boulder is sharp or very heavy, place a piece of underlayment or liner for extra protection.

To direct water flow over the waterfall drops in the stream use waterfall spray foam, this expands so don’t over foam. However, the foam can be cut with a sharp razor blade or knife once fully tried.

Add Plants

Once the pond water feature is complete it’s time to add plants. The Natural Filtration System can be planted with annual aquatic plants like ornamental cattails, water celery, water iris, arrowhead and so much more. In the pond itself consider water lilies, bog bean, sweet flag (I keep mine in pots due to fast spreading), and lotus.

Add the Details

Lastly, some details to add to your pond water feature include a fish cave, lighting, driftwood and peripheral plantings. Plantings along the edges of the water feature, especially plants that spread over the rocks, help to soften the heavy rock look of a newly built water feature.

We love designing and building water features, and we take a lot of pride in constructing water features that work for each of our clients. We’ve built Japanese koi ponds with floating rock bridges and tea houses to large duck ponds and ponds to swim in. So, if you can dream it it can be built. Time to turn that dream into a reality!

Why is My Pond Water Green?

An annual struggle happens nearly every year for a large portion of pond owners. The dreaded “green water” and string algae. This is most common in sun facing ponds in the hot months of July & August. Green water caused by an overgrowth of microscopic algae, called an algae bloom, which occurs when there are excess nutrients like nitrates and phosphates, along with sunlight and warm temperatures. Another way to explain this green water is that there is too much nitrogen in the water and something needs to grow. Without the proper plants, the pond provides its own solution. Algae grows because something needs to “eat” this abundance of nitrogen and bring balance to the pond.

Poor Water Filtration

The solution to removing the green in your pond’s water is proper filtration and plants. I’m a huge believer in Natural Filtration Systems, which are also called Up Flow Bogs. Natural filtration filters the water in the pond by using different size rocks in the headwaters, where the water entering your pond is, to grow beneficial bacteria and annual pond plants to use the excess nitrogen. This system does take a couple of years to fully establish itself as the plants are maturing, so a bit of patience is required. Examples of great plants for a Natural Filtration System include ornamental cattails, water iris and water celery. Great aquatic oxygenating plants include water lilies, bog bean, sweet flag (I keep mine in pots because they spread fast), water iris, hyacinth, water lettuce, arrowhead, and so much more.

Incorrectly Sized Pump

A fully planted and mature pond and Natural Filtration System is the key to great water clarity and health. However, there are other factors. When sizing a pump, a good rule of thumb is to turn the water in the pond over once every hour. For example, if the pond holds 6,000 gallons the pump should be 6,000 gph or more. In addition, if the pump is 6,000 gph or more you will need to increase the diameter of the hose from 2” to 3”.

Poorly Constructed Pond

A pond constructed too shallow will also increase the probability of green water. This is due to the pond temperature; we tend to construct ponds 3’ to 4’ deep to help keep the temps cooler. This depth will also help fish survive throughout our harsh Minnesota winters. Plants like lilies also provide shade to cool the water, providing an added benefit.

Our goal when designing and constructing a pond water feature is to mimic nature as much as possible and to use natural elements to bring the water feature into balance. We also add natural products, like barley, and beneficial bacteria to help the system. These treatments are 100% natural and safe for plants, fish, pets and people. As barley decomposes, it releases a compound that acts as an “algistat,” preventing green water and filamentous algae, and promotes healthier aquatic plants by reducing algal competition. You can also purchase liquid barley extract that is heavily concentrated and already broken down.

Mechanical Options to Prevent Green Water

There are two mechanical options to aid in the elimination of green water. The first is an aerator, which is a must for fish. In fact, I keep an aerator running yearlong in my personal pond to help oxygenate the water, keeping the water clear and my fish healthy and happy. The second mechanical option is a uv clarifier. A uv clarifier provides crystal-clear water by killing free-floating, single celled algae (the cause of “green water”) and some bacteria as water passes through, improving health for fish and plants, boosting filtration, and acting as preventative for disease outbreak.

Need some help with your algae problem? Contact us to get started with pond services for your backyard pond. We are happy to help get your pond looking great without you having to lift a finger.

Keys to Backyard Duck Ponds

Healthy Duck Ponds

We were fortunate enough to be selected to design and install a large duck pond in Clear Lake, MN in the summer of 2024. The three keys to a successful duck pond are filtration, filtration, filtration. Proper filtration starts with a robust Natural Filtration System. This system mimics nature, using layers of different sized rocks and plants to physically trap and biologically break down impurities, which results in clearer and healthier water.

Bacteria and fungi colonize the gravel in a Natural Filtration System, consuming organic waste and nutrients, while aquatic plants absorb the remaining nutrients.

Duck Care

Eight years ago, we adopted four baby ducks for the Summer. One mallard, two runners and one peaking enjoyed our private pond water feature. They were certainly living large and enjoying life. And boy, did I learn a lot about duck care. They may be cute, but they sure are messy, and they poop an awful lot.

It’s important to install plants in the pond, but remember ducks are voracious eaters. You’ll need to protect planting in and around the pond. I had success with fences and nets to protect plantings.

Clear Lake Duck Pond

For the Clear Lake Duck Pond, we built rock ramps in the shallow area of the pond to allow the ducks to easily enter and exit the pond. One common mistake is to make the pond too shallow. A deeper pond is a healthier pond, so we like to make our duck ponds 3.5’ to 4’ deep. This depth will keep the pond cooler and thus decrease algae blooms.

This last fall, we returned to Clear Lake to shut down and winterize the pond for winter. The water in the pond was crystal clear despite a dozen ducks using it all season and the pond being in full sun. The Natural Filtration System was working beautifully filtering the high nitrogen load from the pooping ducks, and the 4’ depth of the pond kept the temps lower.

Want to build a pond for the local ducks in your backyard? We have the tools and knowledge to create a pond perfect for your home without you having to lift a finger.

How to Clean Your Backyard Pond or Water Feature

Cleaning a pond or water feature is crucial for health, aesthetics, and function. It removes harmful debris, algae, and parasites, which prevents oxygen depletion, disease for fish, clogged pumps, and nutrient buildup. This ensures a balanced ecosystem and clear, beautiful water for plants, wildlife, and enjoyment. Neglect leads to murky water, sick inhabitants, and costly equipment failure, making regular cleaning essential for a vibrant feature.

Cleaning a water feature should occur every spring once the ice has fully melted and the ground has thawed. Below is our checklist to clean and prepare your water feature for the upcoming season.

Spring Water Feature Cleanout & Start Up Process:

1. Pump out existing water: we use a 2” discharge pump with vinyl hose to remove the water.

2. Manually remove and bag leaf debris: we will typically place two 5-gallon pails of debris in a thick garbage bag to be transported to the compost site. Otherwise, the debris is fantastic for compost.

3. Rinse entire water feature while pump discharges bad water: a garden hose with a spray nozzle is then used to rinse the entire water feature from the top down. During the rinsing process the discharge pump is placed in the lowest point of the water feature and is pumping out the dirty water and organic sludge.

4. Power wash boulders and rocks: it’s important to wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect your eyes and face. Wearing rain pants and a rain jacket is also a must.

5. Rinse entire water feature a second time while pump discharges bad water: the algae that was blasted off the boulders with the power washer now needs to be rinsed to the bottom of the water feature (pond) and pumped out.

6. Clean skimmer box, skimmer box filters/net/basket and clean headwaters: a small 1/3 horsepower pump connected to a garden hose works wonders.

7. Remove and discard dead animals: unfortunately the removal of dead fish, mice, voles, moles rats, squirrels, possums, frogs, turtles and so forth are part of the process.

8. Test pump to make sure it discharges water properly: prior to installing the pump(s) to the hoses they should be tested in a 5-gallon pail of water to ensure they are in proper working order.

9. Assemble pump back onto hose in skimmer or pump vault: most pumps are attached to a hose with a threaded collar or rubber coupler with hose clamps.

10. Fill up water feature with new water: water features are filled using a garden hose and if the pond is large a healthy dose of patience.

11. Add dechlorinator and start up bacteria to new water: if the pond will contain fish, which are removed and placed in a stock tank during the cleanout, and the house is supplied by city water, dechlorinator will need to be added to make the water safe for fish. Adding beneficial bacteria to the water feature is essential to create balance ecosystem.

12. Visually inspect water feature when running: once the pond is cleaned and running it’s important to visually inspect the water feature. Keep an eye out for water existing the system and for any potential repairs.

Pumping out existing water

Manually removing debris

Power washing rocks

We found a turtle while cleaning

Want to sit back and relax while the professionals clean out your pond to prepare for the spring? Sign up for our Spring Pond Cleanouts to get to relaxing.

So, what is a Pond Consultation?

“Learning is the only thing the mind never exhaust, never fears, and never regret”

— Leonardo Da Vinci

Leo as his friends would call him is regarded as quite the Renaissance Man, of course he was born during The Renaissance so it’s not surprising.  Kidding aside, what does Leonardo Da Vinci have to do with ponds in Minneapolis?  It’s all about learning, it’s all about doing better.  Our goal is for you to fully understand your water feature which will in turn lead to more enjoyment.

It’s not unusual to get a call from a frustrated new homeowner with a question about a water feature they’ve inherited.  They are looking for answers and oftentimes do not even know the questions to ask.  Can this be handled on the phone?  Yes, however being on site to see the water feature and to answer questions is always the best options.  Therefore, DIWhy offers evening on site pond consultations. 

A pond consultation runs approximately one hour, and we teach homeowners about basics of maintaining the water feature.  The consultation will cover filtration, aeration, water plants, fish, biological additives, how to improve the water feature, pest control and so much more.  Our goal is to provide everyone with the resources needed to care for their water feature and thus maximize the enjoyment.  The cost of a one-hour evening pond consultation is $100, but here is the kick, if there are improvements or repairs needed and you hire DIWhy to resolve these issues DIWhy will take the $100 consultation fee off that price (minimum $400 of work).

DIWhy services the entire metro area of The Twin Cities and The Twin Ports and we have worked on hundreds of water features.  Our experience comes from not only working in the field but also through workshops and networking with other pond contractors and pond suppliers and problem solving with some of the best…in the business.  We’d like to share this knowledge with you so you can enjoy your pond and the water garden hobby. 

“The noblest pleasure is the joy of understanding”

— Leonardo Da Vinci

Stressless Oasis

Pond care can be a labor of love.  CAN BE.  It takes desire, time and knowledge to keep a water feature a healthy functioning ecosystem.  Keeping a pond in balance using the pond’s designed filtration (whether natural or mechanical) with water plants, fish and biological additives can be a delicate task. Many homeowners revel in this task and water gardening provides a great way to enjoy the outdoors and to relieve stress.  However, for others their pond becomes a source of frustration.  Keeping that oasis beautiful now becomes a summer chore.  That’s where DIWhy comes in.  Starting in April 2020 DIWhy will offer Seasonal Maintenance Contracts!

How does a Seasonal Maintenance Contract work?  Every other week a DIWhy employee will be out to complete the following tasks:

·       Clean skimmer box net/basket/filters/brushes and pump 

·       Fertilize and trim and water plants

·       Change light bulbs

·       Add biological additives such as algicide, barley extract and beneficial bacteria

·       Weed along the peripheral of water feature

·       Adjust auto fill and/or pump auto shutoff

·       Net any floating debris

·       Visually inspect the water feature and make repairs if needed

·       Feed fish

Our maintenance visits begin after the Spring Cleanout & Start Up and run all season until the water feature is shutdown the last week of October.  So why choose DIWhy?  We are a full-service pond contractor that focuses on one thing, water features.  We build, repair and maintain water features and this has given us extensive knowledge in all aspects of water gardening.  We’ve worked with ornate fountains, bubbling boulders, pondless water features, small to large ponds, cement ponds, natural water filtration, mechanical filtration, uv filtration and so much more!  

So, what does it cost?  Each maintenance visit is $89.  The only other cost is the product (pond chemicals, light bulbs and so forth).  Large repairs are billed separately, and consent is given by homeowner prior to beginning the work.

Contact DIWhy for a Seasonal Maintenance Contract and transform your feature into a stressless oasis today!  Imagine stepping out your door and walking over to your water feature and simply enjoying the sights and sounds of the running water, the beauty of the water plants and the colors of the koi without adding to your to-do-list.

4 Reasons to Hire A Minneapolis Professional for Pond Maintenance this Spring

As spring shows its full colors in Minneapolis, it’s time to get your backyard pond out from hibernation. While there are many ways to get your pond ready, but only a professional can tell you how your pond is different and how to get it ready. This isn’t the only benefit to having the Pond Doctor help with maintenance. Here are some other benefits of hiring a professional for your pond maintenance.

Expert Advice

Whether or not it is your first DIY project, there may be complications. Not all backyards are the same, and making the pond work with your backyard is something that a professional can give you advice on. They can make suggestions, cater to your style, and show you the ins and outs of pond maintenance.

Special Equipment

Having the right equipment to clean out your pond properly might be a hassle. A professional will have all of the right tools when you need them, and they will know how to handle them correctly. Your pond professional could also give you advice on the best equipment to buy for your pond in the future.

Experience

Armed with experience from many years of cleaning, maintaining, and building ponds, a professional can share their wisdom and make sure your pond is ready for the summer. Experience and hands-on work with multiple types of ponds is helpful for fighting off algae and other harmful particles that grow in ponds. They also keep up with trends and new brands.

Identify Potential Problems

Every yard and pond could cause problems in the future, but professional pond maintenance will prevent it or provide solutions for you to weigh out your options. If you have any questions or are worried about potential problems, call the Pond Doctor for more information and have your questions ready.

If you would like the Pond Doctor to help out with your pond maintenance, call us today to get started. All of us at DIWhy are ready to help make your pond the healthiest it has ever been.

7 steps to shut down your backyard pond for a Minnesota winter

Shutting down your back yard pond for the winter is an important step for every Minnesota resident. Follow the steps below to shut down your Minneapolis pond in preparation for another year of enjoyment starting next Spring.

Shortcut: Just contact Tim and he can do it all for you!

Step 1

Use a thermometer to measure water temps throughout the late summer into the fall and winter.  When the temperature starts to drop, slowly start changing the food you feed your fish. Wheat germ based food is ideal for this, as the fish can digest it even in the cold of winter, when their metabolisms slow down.

Step 2

As the leaves begin to turn color and start to drop now is the time to add a net to your pond to catch the leaves. Make sure the net has been securely fastened around the edges, but don't let it sag into the water, as this can be harmful for the fish. If you prefer not to use a net, spend 10 minutes each evening removing the fallen leaves with a hand net. Empty the net in the skimmer box as needed.

“For a Minnesota pond, the first week of November is typically a good time to shut the pond down. However, this can change due to the weather. ”

— Tim the Pond Doctor

Step 3

Run your pump late into the fall as this will keep critters looking elsewhere for a place to hibernate during the winter. For a Minnesota pond, the first week of November is typically a good time to shut the pond down.  However, this can change due to the weather. Remove the pump, filters and UV clarifier and store in the garage or basement.  A good spray down from the garden hose is recommended prior to being placed in storage.

Step 4

Open any ball valves on your hose and blow out any low spots. Any sitting water in the hose is susceptible to freezing and thus cracking the hose and plumbing. Place a rag in the hose where the pump attaches to prevent critters from crawling up into it.

Step 5

If your pond is deep enough (38” or more) you will be able to winter over your plants in the pond. Prune any dead leaves and stems off of your deep water plants and move hardy plants around the edges of the pond into deeper water so that they will not freeze in the ice. If your pond is too shallow, you can place a bag over the pot and plants and store in your basement.

Step 6

If your pond is deep enough (38” or more) you will be able to winter over your fish in the pond.  You will not need to feed the fish during the winter.  Place a floating heater in the pond to keep the pond from completely freezing over. Add an aerator at the bottom of the pond to supply oxygen to your fish.

Step 7

Enjoy the winter and don't be concerned with the frozen water in the pond. That old water will be pumped out in the spring when it melts and you are ready to clean the pond. Also, the frozen water will help keep the critters at bay. Cuddle up and enjoy the beautiful Minnesota winter!

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